Thesis Robin Hartholt

On 9 June 2017 Robin Hartholt defended his PhD thesis 'Determining factors of inhibitor formation in hemophilia A' at the University of Amsterdam.

Promotor: Prof  JJ Voorberg PhD
Copromotor: JA ten Brinke PhD

Venue: Aula, University of Amsterdam, Singel 411, 1012 XM Amsterdam

Summary

The X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia A is caused by functional absence of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). The bleeding tendency in patients with hemophilia A can be corrected by regular infusion of FVIII. In approximately 30% of patients with severe hemophilia A, inhibitory antibodies targeting FVIII develop. While it is known that the formation of anti-FVIII antibodies is a classical CD4+ T cell-dependent process, molecular determinants contributing to the risk of inhibitor development have not been fully identified. This thesis describes several studies which focus on the immune recognition and processing of FVIII by antigen presenting cells.

FVIII is efficiently internalized by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently presented on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) on the cell surface. We describe that FVIII, in complex with immunoglobulins (FVIII-IC), is more efficiently endocytosed by bone marrow derived DCs when compared to FVIII alone. This enhanced uptake is an Fcγ receptor-dependent process.

We also investigated FVIII-derived peptide presentation on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR in the presence or absence of its molecular chaperone von Willebrand factor (VWF).  These studies revealed that peptide presentation of FVIII was modulated by the presence of VWF. We used the same mass spectrometry based approach to define the repertoire of FVIII-derived peptides presented on HLA-DQ.

Lastly, we demonstrate that while FVIII is efficiently internalized by DCs, VWF remains bound to the cell surface in as yet undefined membrane microdomains. 
Altogether the studies described in this thesis contribute to our current understanding of the molecular events underlying the development of an immune response to therapeutic FVIII in patients with hemophilia A. 

Chapters

Chapter 1
General introduction

Chapter 2
Enhanced uptake of blood coagulation factor VIII containing immune complexes by antigen presenting cells.
J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(2):329-340

Chapter 3
Hunting down factor VIII in the immunopeptidome.
Cell Immunol. 2016;301:59-64

Chapter 4
Von Willebrand factor binds to the surface of dendritic cells and modulates peptide presentation of factor VIII.
Haematologica. 2016;101(3):309-18

Chapter 5
Comparative profiling of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ associated FVIII peptides presented by monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Chapter 6
To serve and protect; the modulatory role of von Willebrand Factor in Factor VIII immunogenicity.

Chapter 7
Von Willebrand Factor binds to membrane microdomains on dendritic cells that do not overlap with classical lipid rafts.

Chapter 8
General discussion

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